Study of Lattice Dynamics of the Graphene Along Highly Symmetry Directions

Graphene is a two-dimensional material that has successfully been separated into single- or few-layer sheets from bulk graphite. The graphene structure has interesting features which is the good reason for studying its lattice vibrational properties. Graphene is one of the important areas of research due to its potential for integration into future-generation electronic devices. Graphene exhibits soft nature and hence could be easily integrated with current technology in electronic devices on substrates in comparison to stanene, silicene and germanene. We focus on the lattice dynamical of graphene and try to understand them from their honeycomb and buckled lattice structures. Lattice dynamical properties of single-layer two-dimensional honeycomb lattices exhibit interesting features. We, at present, find the phonon frequencies at Г points along symmetry directions with the help of Python program. The acoustical and optical contributions to the phonon frequencies are also discussed. We hope that phonon frequencies along Г‒M of graphene, 2D materials will have reasonably similar result obtained by other researchers.