Simulation of Battery Management System for Protection in Electric Vehicle Against the Battery Failures

The developed industries are heading toward the success path, where every industry researches and develops new gadgets to make day-to-day life more reliable and accessible. It can also be said that changes and developments in life bring positive merits with some negative merits too. Similarly, observing the automotive industry, it can be easily noticed how hard these industries have worked for a long time. Bringing the internal combustion engine to market and efficiently using available fuel was a good achievement. However, due to the increase in air and noise pollution rate from internal combustion engine vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles were developed by using both conventional fuel and electricity, which has drastically decreased air and noise pollution but could not reduce it to zero. So, after hybrid electric vehicles, electric vehicles are developed which are working on batteries. The main merits points of electric vehicles are that it doesn’t cause any harm to the environment, have less maintenance cost, and have high reliability. The de-merits are chances of battery failure or cells used, which leads to fire hazards. As it’s not easy to handle batteries if it fails, and the results can be dangerous. This paper will define the basic idea of what a battery is, the types of batteries, how batteries fail, the consequences of the battery failure, and the battery management system and thermal protection method. The battery management system is simulated in MATLAB to take care of the battery for complete protection as it will protect the battery from overvoltage, undervoltage, and temperature rise.