A Miniaturized Modified Koch Fractal Antenna with Partial Ground Plane for Wideband Application

This work describes a diminished, altered Koch fractal antenna for wideband applications with enhanced linearly polarized impedance bandwidth. The implemented antenna is designed from the first iteration to the third iteration. A partial ground plane has been used on the third iteration to achieve wideband characteristics. To improve the impedance bandwidth, the length and width of the ground plane are varied. Finally, a modified partial ground plane with a notch on the leftmost side is proposed to introduce capacitance, resulting in an ultra-impedance wide bandwidth through ground-to-radiator coupling. The number of resonances increases with increasing iteration. This extends the physical length at the radiator's perimeter, allowing the radiator to resonate low-frequency causes without increasing the radiator's size. However, when the number of iterations increases beyond three, the radiator design gets increasingly complicated, with no substantial improvement in the number of S11 < −10 dB bandwidths or frequency response for that area. The third iteration is selected as the best design for the proposed antenna. Ansys HFSS is used to design the antenna. The proposed antenna has a resonance frequency of 3.0 GHz and a calculated impedance bandwidth of 2.62 GHz to 4.48 GHz. The antenna used can help WiMAX and S-band wireless communication applications.