Modeling and Arrangement of Submerged Nozzles

The molten bath of EAF with eccentric bottom tapping (EBT) is flat and the molten bath stirring intensity is poor due to the limited oxygen supply intensity (Lee and Sohn in JOM 66:1581–1594, 2014 [1]; Wang et al. in Steel Res Int 84:387–394, 2013 [2]; Li et al. in Steelmaking 2:49–52, 1996 [3]; Wei et al. in Metall Mater Trans B 51:1101–1112, 2020 [4]). It is important for EAF steelmaking to strengthen the circulation in the liquid bath in order to enhance the smelting reaction rate.