Extraction and Chemotypic Standardization of Plant Essential Oils with Special Reference to Phytochemical Genomics

Essential oils are the mixture of volatile ingredients and have been utilized extensively since antiquity. Regarding its bioactivity as an antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, and antidiabetic, the major significance and mode of action of these naturally occurring compounds are reviewed. Further, its crucial role in the suppression of cancer and chemoprevention is also emphasized. The traditional extraction methods such as steam distillation, hydrodistillation, hydro diffusion, and solvent extraction, and advanced (non-conventional) extraction methods such as solvent-free microwave extraction, subcritical extraction liquid, and supercritical fluid extraction have been discussed. Modern extraction techniques are thought to have the most potential because they require less time to extract, use less energy and less solvent, and emit less carbon dioxide. The chemical profile of essential oils has been explored in relation to several modern characterization approaches.