A Review of Materials Suitable for Tissue-Engineered Bone Scaffolds

Biomedical and regenerative medicine has significantly contributed to developing new, specific techniques and technologies to improve patient care. A significant leap has been made with innovative materials, cell development, scaffold design, and fabrication in tissue engineering. The tissue engineering process focuses on regenerating tissues that have been lost accidentally or encounter defects such as osteosarcoma, osteoporosis, and osteoarthritis. India has a high number of people who suffer from bone diseases. An estimated 15–20% of the population suffers from osteoporosis. Bone scaffolds are proving to be an excellent treatment for osseous anomalies and defects. Scaffolds are porous, three-dimensional structures that enhance the growth of new tissues. Bone scaffolds are designed to facilitate osteoinductive cells’ growth, expansion, and migration on their surface. The purpose of this paper is to review possible polymeric materials for bone scaffolds and provide a suitable combination in terms of cost of material and cost of technology for tissue-engineered bone scaffolds.