Kaizen and Non-cognitive Skills Development in Africa in the Age of Digitalization

We are now in the age of change caused by globalization, digital transformation, and pandemic. Kaizen can be one of the entry points to improve our adaptability in these changes considering its impact on non-cognitive skill development in individuals. Non-cognitive skills are the personal attributes not thought to be measured by IQ tests or achievement tests that include perseverance, self-control, and social skills. These non-cognitive skills are increasingly important in creating job opportunities in the digital era because they are not calculatable by digital technologies. This chapter reviews the evolution or Kaizen and its relation to theories of leadership, motivation, and capacity development. Based on cases of Kaizen promotion in Africa, the chapter argues that: (i) non-cognitive skills of adult workers can be developed through group/team activities of Kaizen; (ii) continuous efforts backed up by small successful experiences are important factors for adaptation amidst change; and (iii) further research on Kaizen in the context of psychology and behavioral science is required. In its conclusion, the chapter points out that Kaizen can improve not only quality and productivity of work but also human skills and capacities to enable proactive adaptation to change, which can bring support the improved wellbeing of individuals in the coming era.