The Fruit Research Centre at the Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences maintains a gene bank collection of temperate zone fruit trees. The collection which consists of 3697 accessions, is located at three geographical locations: Érd, Cegléd, and Fertőd. Besides the maintenance of the in vivo collections, the accessions are characterized using the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV) and the European Cooperative Programme for Plant Genetic Resources (ECPGR) descriptors. This characterization provides data for national and international databases such as the ECPGR Central Crop Database for Prunus, and the European Search Catalogue for Plant Genetic Resources (EURISCO). The collections include local landraces from the Carpathian Basin, as well as foreign cultivars and pre-breeding materials. The main fruit species in the collection are sweet-and-sour cherry, pear, plum, and soft fruits, which have been used in institute fruit breeding programs. Molecular characterization and phenolic profiling are also being conducted on selected accessions. The collection is open to the public and serves valuable resource for research, breeding and education. This chapter describes the history, activities, and research performed in the genebank and provides some details on the collections of stone fruits, soft fruits, and walnuts.