Oman has a wealth of more than 1400 species of plants. Approximately 1000 species are of socioeconomic importance. Since the early 1980s of the last century, the country has been involved in the conservation of plant genetic resources (PGR). At least two status reports on PGR conservation have been delivered to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. This chapter aims to analyze the situation of conservation until the first quarter of the twenty-first century. The analysis of the situation is based on publications from organizations in the country involved in the conservation of PGR and other stakeholder organizations. This chapter describes the general PGR and its classifications. In addition, an inventory of laws and regulations is presented, and gaps are discussed. Procedures for germplasm acquisition, collection, documentation, characterization, evaluation, and distribution were discussed among other procedures. Two main recommendations are suggested among other suggestions in this chapter. The first concerns establishing national laws and regulations for international conventions and protocols for the country. The second is to re-establish the National Committee on Plant Genetic Resources. It is important to re-establish such mechanisms to strengthen PGR conservation and utilization activities among stakeholders in the country.