Development of plant varieties for the production of food, feed, fiber, ornamentals, and herbal medicines can benefit greatly from the use of plant genetic resources. Therefore, collection, characterization, conservation, and overall management of genetic resources are essential. Furthermore, the introduction and adoption of different treaties like the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs), and the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (ITPGRFA) further compelled Bangladesh to work on the collection, conservation, characterization, and documentation of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture (PGRFA) as well as to impose the right to own genetic diversity. Noteworthy is the fact that there is no national gene bank in Bangladesh National Agricultural Research System (NARS) Institutes and Public Agricultural Universities are actively involved in the collection, conservation and evaluation of Pant Genetic Resources (PGRs) in coordination with Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council (BARC) as the national focal point of ITPGRFA. The majority of Bangladesh’s gene banks, including seed and field gene banks use ex situ conservation strategies to conserve PGRs. The Bangladesh Forest Research Institute (BFRI) gene bank conserves genetic resources utilizing in situ conservation, such as by reserving forests. More than 45,000 germplasm of different crop species are being conserved in different gene banks of Bangladesh. The collected PGRs have been utilized by the relevant NARS institutes, universities and private seed companies to develop new resilient and nutrient rich varieties. Additionally, an enhancement in the documentation facilities and data management system is anticipated to spur domestic activity and information sharing with domestic and international consumers of PGRs. This chapter aims to learn about the activities related to conservation and management of PGRs in Bangladesh.