Gene banks encompass various methods of storing desirable genetic material such as whole plants, plant parts, or seeds (seed banks). Mismanagement of natural resources and climate change are contributing to the accelerated disappearance of plant species. Preserving old varieties for breeding purposes allows for greater genetic variability and adaptation to environmental changes. The specifics of agricultural production are heavily influenced by the external environment and the way resources are utilized. A plant gene bank serves as a crucial tool for conserving collections of plant genetic resources which are collected, characterized, and multiplied under strictly controlled conditions by international standards. In agriculture, the genetic resources of plants consist of genotypes, local populations, and old and new varieties. This chapter focuses on fiber crops, specifically hemp and linseed, detailing how seeds are stored in Serbia and the method used for their production, effectively preserving genetic resources in nature. The Institute IFVCNS in Serbia cultivars linseed varieties “NS Marko” and “NS Primus” as well as hemp varieties “Helena” and “Marina.” This chapter shows the institutions that deal with the preservation of genetic plant material in Serbia, as well as the types of material and methods of preservation. This chapter aims to show not only the specific methods of storing seeds and planting material in gene banks but also the important aspects of their production.