Energy Saving Architecture: Multidisciplinary Improvement of Buildings Shape, Energy-Efficiency, Microclimate, Seismic-Resistance and Prevention Influences of Thermal Bridges and Mold Growth

Based on the theoretical base and practice of energy-saving architecture proposed by the author, for the first time, the multidisciplinary task indicated in the title of this article was set and solved. This architecture allows harmonizing the daily, seasonal, and annual dynamics of the building’s interaction with renewable energies of the environment (outside air, ground, wind, sky, surfaces facing the building) and incoming solar radiation. The thermodynamically ideal spherical building serves as a basis for comparative evaluation and improvement of real building's form. Based on the author's definition and classification of thermal bridges, an additional layer of external thermal insulation of architectural and structural thermal bridge zones was adopted. The required thickness of this layer is taken when the inner surface temperature of these zones becomes equal to the temperature on the main inner surface of the external enclosures. This investigation method was implemented by visual representation of isotherms and heat flux density in the enclosures coupling zone cross sections using the ArchiCAD20 software package. A design practice has been implemented that allows achieving, for an ordinary building in the form of a parallelepiped, the complex advantages of buildings in the form of a cylinder, the Kyrgyz National Yurt, and a sphere. Spherical buildings have significant comprehensive benefits, and the number of such buildings is increasing. The article provides practical recommendations.