Monitoring of Municipal Solid Waste Operations in Urban Areas: A Review

The urban solid waste management system is in a dismal state, especially in developing countries like India. These poor MSW management practices have a negative impact on public health, the environment, and climate change. Contemporary urban cities are embracing the concept of a “smart city,” which uses information and communication technologies, Internet of things and machine learning to enhance the quality of solid waste management for sustainable development. These technologies can monitor the solid waste operations in real-time thus playing a crucial role in supervising municipal solid waste for an informed decision by an authority. This study to review the technological tools and software to monitor the solid waste operations in an urban area. The advanced technologies, including sensors, integrated development environments, and software platforms for data acquisition and processing being utilized in solid waste management, have been reviewed and deliberated upon. Lastly, the study discusses the challenge of implementing a monitoring system for cities in developing countries like India.