An Energy-Saving Clustering Based on the Grid-Based Whale Optimization Algorithm (GBWOA) for WSNs

The sensor node is a key component of a WSN. The battery life of a sensor node determines how well it operates. Once batteries are placed in a remote or unattended location, it is proven to be impossible to replace them. In this paper, to increase the lifespan of a network, an improved optimal cluster head (CH) selection method based on grid-based whale optimization (GBWOA) is proposed. It uses the optimized CH selection in the specified grid area of the network, and the integration of numerous factors for the CH selection is a novel feature of the presented algorithm. Energy consumption, throughput, and network lifetime are used to assess how well the suggested algorithm performs. When network lifespan is compared to the current approach, the suggested approach outperforms the whale optimization algorithm (WOA-C) and particle swarm optimization (PSO-C) by 22% and 71%, respectively.