Impacts of the 2011 Disaster on Food–Energy–Water Material Flows and Resource Use Efficiency in Yokohama City

With Yokohama City as the study area, this chapter uses input–output analysis to study impacts of the 2011 Tohoku earthquake and tsunami disaster on urban resource flows and inter-sectoral resource use efficiency. Quantifying resource flows among urban sectors, we assess resource use intensity for production. Input–output analysis of 2005 and 2011 data is used to consider self-sufficiency rates, distinguish resource sources geographically, and clarify impacts of production and consumption on local natural resource systems. Supply chain analysis is used to assess embodied energy use in the urban production layer to explore indirect impacts of sectoral resource consumption. The study found that in the production sector, the 2011 disaster had huge impacts on Yokohama’s energy and water systems, with a significant decrease in resource use efficiency in the energy sector and a substantial increase in energy consumption in water and energy sectors. Supply path analysis showed strong production linkages between energy and water sectors, as well as energy and petrochemical basic product sectors. Demand in the water sector leads to more energy consumption in the energy sector, and further increases consumption of petrochemical basic products. Conversely, consumption in the household sector tends to be economical, resulting in a decline in total water and energy consumption.