Spatial Distribution of Heavy Metals and Identifying Factors that Influence Soil Properties at Rajbandh Landfill Site in Khulna

Almost all the landfills in Bangladesh are not controlled/ engineered/sanitary landfills. Low-lying open spaces, unclaimed land, riverbanks, and roadside areas are all used as landfill sites in and around the city. With the rapidly growing population pollution is also increasing day by day and as a result landfill sites are increasing and heavy metals contaminate the earth\'s crust badly, which leads to the risk to both human and animal health. This study focused on the intensity of the heavy metals such as Fe, Mn, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, Cd, As, Hg, Co, Na, K, Ca, Al, Ti, Sb, Sc, Sr, V, Ba Ba, in soil by spatial distribution analysis and the factors that influence their migration. ArcGIS was used to perform geostatistical analyses such as Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW). Heavy metals in soil are shown graphically using ArcGIS software. The spatial distribution of heavy metals was performed by Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) in Rajbandh and the surrounding area. The results showed that the intensity of the heavy metals was very high in the middle portion of the landfill for both dry and rainy seasons. The intensity also decreases as the distance increases. Factors identification that influences the heavy metal lateral migration could help to find the sources of soil pollution. To determine the variables that affect soil heavy metals, a categorical regression was performed in this study. Before utilizing a categorical regression to examine the degree to which various factors influenced the soil heavy metal levels in Khulna, environmental factors were first linked to data on soil heavy metals collected during both dry and wet seasons. The findings indicated that pH, land use type, and soil type were the key contributing factors, indicating that these three variables were significant sources of soil heavy metals in Khulna. Cd in soil during the dry period was significantly influenced by the soil parent material, soil type, and pH. However, aside from pH, soil types and soil parent material had a significant impact on Pb throughout the dry season.The types of soil, soil parent material, and pH all play a significant role in Cd during the rainy season. Neither of these characteristics, though, have a significant value for Pb. The primary variables influencing soil heavy metals were found in this study, and their relative importance was graded. A viable approach for determining the variables that affect soil heavy metal concentrations is categorical regression, which may also be used to investigate the genetics of local soil heavy metal contamination.