Biomarkers in Renal Cell Carcinoma

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) constitutes 90% of all kidney tumours. It also accounts for higher mortality rates of up to 30–40% as compared to prostate or bladder cancer incidence. Renal malignancy is diverse genetically and it also has a varied histological and phenotypical presentation. This usually results in significant variations in treatment and prognostic response rates. It is therefore important to identify and stratify the various subtypes of kidney cancer before making treatment decisions. Recent medical advances have made available a number of predictive, diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers which would subsequently help in personalising the management of renal malignancies.