Human Security and Livelihood in Afghanistan

The decades-long war in Afghanistan resulted in forced migration. Being a war-torn country, it has witnessed outward illegal migration. In different phrases, the flow of migration has been accelerated to neighboring countries, especially in Pakistan and Iran. After the death of Najibullah in 1994, a record number of Afghans had been illegally migrated to comparatively secure and developed countries. With the advent of the Taliban regime in 1996, a tremendous security crisis was started in Afghanistan. In 2002, with the fall of the Taliban, record numbers of Afghan people returned to Afghanistan. Afghanistan has continuously been challenged on the issue of development. The economic vulnerability, corruption, war, and terrorism have made the country. The democratic institutions and administrative agencies are almost defunct. Fundamental rights and human security have been violated in Afghanistan. It is an industrially backward and agriculturally insufficient country. Globalization has not been introduced in Afghanistan yet. The basic objectives of the chapter are to enquire about the basic reasons behind migration and its impacts on livelihood. This chapter will also search for the possibility of sustainability in Afghanistan. This chapter is based on the content analysis method.