Wilms Tumor

Wilms tumor, also known as nephroblastoma, is the most common renal malignancy seen in children, with the highest incidence between 1 and 5 years. Presently, long-term survival with multimodality therapy is well over 80%. Newer diagnostic modalities, better insights into histopathology and molecular biology, and grading therapeutic response to neo-adjuvant chemotherapy have led to better risk stratification of Wilms tumor, refining therapies further. This has been largely been made possible by large national/multinational trials conducted by various cooperative groups including the Children’s Oncology Group (COG) and International Society of Paediatric Oncology (SIOP) over the past three decades.