Testicular Cancer

Testicular cancer most commonly affects individuals in the second to the fourth decades of life with a broad spectrum of presentations—meticulous clinical examination and ultrasonography (USG) of the scrotum toward diagnosis. Radical high inguinal orchidectomy is both therapeutic and diagnostic. Alfa fetoprotein, beta HCG and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) are tumor markers for risk stratification and further follow-up. Cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy is the mainstay of treatment. The early-stage testicular disease has a survival of more than 95%. Advance diseases have survival rates close to 50%. Patients with residual disease post chemotherapy merit the cure for retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) or retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. Radiotherapy is an essential component in the management of seminomas. Follow-up with tumor markers and computed tomography can help detect early recurrence and offers subsequent therapy. This is particularly relevant to patients who are on surveillance after orchidectomy.