Radiation Oncology

This chapter is a concise introduction to the field of radiation oncology. The evolution of radiation oncology has been described herein to set the background for a holistic understanding of the discipline. Basic knowledge of radiobiology, the types of radiations in terms of their interactions with matter, cellular targets of radiation, and the 5Rs of radiotherapy are all the topics of focus in this chapter. Types of dose fractionations, dose constraints, and radiotherapy schedules and their effect on acute and late toxicity have also been integrated. Basic terminologies used in medical physics, which are essential for adequate working knowledge, have also been reviewed. Exciting advanced radiotherapy techniques have been discussed at the end of this chapter.