Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is an important treatment modality for various hematological disorders including malignancies, immune-deficient states and inborn errors of metabolism. It may be autologous, allogeneic or syngeneic based on the source of stem cells. The essentials of a hematopoietic stem cell transplant include a preparative conditioning chemotherapy followed by stem cell infusion and posttransplant immune modulation. The increasing role of alternative donor transplants and their successful results have made allotransplant an important treatment option for patients with hematological malignancies without a matched sibling donor. The advances in management of posttransplant complications, HLA typing and supportive care have led to better survival outcomes.