Future of Nanotechnology and Functionalized Nanomaterials

Rapid development of nanotechnology now demands the tunability of nanomaterial properties with functional application. Nanomaterials exhibit unique characteristics because of their ultra-small size and surface functionalization. The surfaces of nanomaterials can be modified with functional groups, matching with highly active components and providing sizeable surface areas [1, 2]. Compared to a normal surface, functionalized material surface anchoring with proper functional groups results in providing a high surface area and increased active sites for better performance of the material. It has various nanoengineering applications in various fields, including the energy, environmental, electronics and pharmaceutical industries. Thus, Functionalized Nanomaterial (FNM)-based techniques find important breakthrough in industrial workspaces, including enhancements in accuracy, controlled sensitivity, selectivity and the production limit of the material. In the current scenario, overcoming human needs with the development of nanotechnology arising along with the existing challenges including the risks to human health is also under consideration. The difficulties and drawbacks of normal nanomaterials will thus tackle by functionalization. FNMs as nanocatalyst, electrode materials, adsorbents and sensors with improved resolution have been derived for futuristic applications. Effective functionalization of the material was done based upon the needs of the situation [3, 4]. Also, it can be applied to market needs for environmentally friendly approaches with its refined characteristics. This chapter focuses on the fundamentals of nanomaterial functionalization and its applications. The growing demand for functionalized nanomaterials and their future aspects and challenges are also included.