Comparison of Different Functionalized Materials for Supercapacitors: General Overview of the Environmental Awareness

In the future, energy storage devices such as supercapacitors will be capable of performing high power and energy density and outstanding cycling stability with sustainable, functional materials. These functional materials include transition metals, conducting polymers, carbon-based materials, and hybrid materials. Generally used transition metal oxides, sulfides, and hydroxides. Binary oxides, sulfides, and hydroxides possess high theoretical capacitance due to their electrical conductivity. Generally used conducting polymers are polypyrrole and polyaniline. Carbon materials are used in various forms, which include activated carbon, graphene, and carbon nanotubes. Hybrid materials combine transition metal and carbon-based materials used as hybrid electrode materials. This chapter discusses the energy storage abilities of various functional materials and how they can be fabricated and utilized for supercapacitor applications in a sustainable and environmentally friendly manner.