Analysis of Alternative Soil Binders and Their Effect on Soil: A Review

The traditional binders of soil have a negative influence on the environment, and scientists need to develop eco-friendly alternatives. In this research, we have chosen few suitable novel binders from prior studies and offer a comprehensive evaluation of them. Newly adopted binders, their composition, features, and potential to influence soil parameters have been reviewed in five major regions in this research. Bitumen with crumb rubber and the possible rejuvenation of bitumen-aged pavement with vegetable oil and waste frying oil are only a few of the strategies proposed within the study. Soil qualities may be affected by the origin and properties of Biopolymer based treatment (BPST) like guar gum, agar gum, xanthan, and Gellen gum, as well as enzyme-based carbonate precipitation (EICP). In addition, a strategy for enzyme stabilization caused by bacteria is described in this chapter. Stabilizing agents included construction demolition waste (CDW) and slag generated during steel making from iron in a basic oxygen furnace (BOFS), agricultural waste ash, bone ash, and lime, which are discussed in this article. Various soil properties such as plasticity, unconfined compressive strength,, shearing strength, stability of heavy metal-containing soil, bearing capacity, permeability, and CBR are examined and reported in this article concerning the study of combined effect of these innovative binders on soil. In general, the authors claim that most binders provide favorable outcomes and improve a variety of soil qualities. Authors found reduction in cracks, enhanced viscosity and cutting in project cost by use of vegetable oil in pavement construction. EKO soil reduces plasticity on Ottawa soil. The study provides reduction in plasticity using different biopolymers. Agricultural-waste ash imparts compressive strength to the soil. Bone ash with lime (5% + 9%) provide better heavy metal stabilization. As a consequence of the usage of various novel binders, the authors attempt to offer a study on the change of various soil functions, which will give a better knowledge of these novel binders and are helpful in evaluating the influence of additional novel binders on soil functions.