BBIWMS: A Secure Blockchain-Based Framework for Integrated Water Management System for Smart City

In the two-thirds of the earth that is covered by water, only less than 1% of the water is fit for human use. A natural resource and prerequisite for human survival is water. Due to the lack of water becoming a global crisis, it affects agricultural activities by reducing crop levels as well as the availability of drinking water for people, domestic animals, and other essential water-dependent activities. This creates a risk for future water usage, and less rain also exacerbates the water crisis. To overcome these difficulties, there are some existing research work conducted using technologies called IoT, machine learning algorithms, wireless sensor networks, cloud computing, etc. We have been able to identify some gaps using this existing research, including difficulties with safely updating the firmware of sensors that have already been deployed in the field and physical attacks on sensor devices situated in remote field locations. We have also been able to identify network hacking and jamming, device cloning, and eavesdropping as other issues. There is a problem with centralized traditional architecture used in water management systems that prevents safe and reliable communication between equipment. We have developed a technology known as Blockchain as a solution after consulting prior research. Blockchain is a distributed, decentralized ledger system that aids in the management of India's water shortage issue. In this research work, we will discuss opportunities and challenges in water management systems using Blockchain technology with a proposed framework model called Blockchain-based integrated water management system (BBIWMS). In future research work, we will implement the proposed framework model with good results.