The world population is projected to reach 8.5 billion by 2030, 9.7 billion by 2050, and 10.4 billion by 2100, posing challenges in meeting food demand. The Green Revolution aims to increase food production and reduce crop losses due to insects, weeds, and diseases. Genetically modified (GM) crops have been introduced to reduce chemical pesticide use, increase crop yields, and use environmentally friendly practices. Pesticides have played a significant role in agriculture, enabling increased crop yields and food supply. However, their use has led to environmental contamination and human health issues. Around 1.8 billion people use pesticides to protect food and commercial products, with around 25 million agricultural workers unintentionally poisoning themselves. Genetically modified crops offer a potential solution to reduce the reliance on chemical pesticides in agriculture. By incorporating traits such as insect resistance and herbicide tolerance, GM crops can withstand pests and weeds without the need for excessive pesticide use. This can result in lower pesticide residues in food and feed crops, and reduced chemical release into the environment. However, GM crops have also come with concerns about their potential risks to human health and the environment. To address these, strict biosafety regulations are essential to ensure their safe application and minimal environmental impact. This chapter explores genetic modification technologies in agriculture, highlighting their role in reducing pesticide reliance as well as their broader benefits and drawbacks. It also delves into the future potential of these technologies and the need for responsible innovation to balance progress with sustainability.