As the global population continues to expand and arable land becomes increasingly scarce, there is a pressing need for an agricultural transformation to bolster food production and improve the quality of life for all. In recent years, plant genetic engineering and transgenic technologies have emerged as powerful tools for investigating gene function and enhancing crop yield and quality. While these contemporary techniques can modify a selected group of genes, they encounter limitations when conducting large-scale studies. These limitations hinder the investigation of entire genetic pathways and can inadvertently introduce unwanted genes into subsequent generations. Researchers have developed plant artificial minichromosomes as a strategy to overcome the limitations of traditional genetic engineering. Minichromosomes, which are significantly smaller than natural chromosomes, can be employed to introduce large DNA sequences, such as genes, multigene complexes, or entire metabolic pathways into plant cells. These minichromosomes are created through either de novo construction using cloned chromosome components or telomere-mediated truncation of existing chromosomes. This technology offers a platform for assembling multiple specific genes on minichromosomes, enabling the production of various products. Nevertheless, it is not without its limitations, which may impede its further development and application. In this book chapter, the current state of plant artificial minichromosomes (PAC) technology, including its formation, factors influencing PAC formation, challenges, potential solutions, and the integration of exogenous genes are discussed.