Conclusion and Outlook

In this chapter, we review the background of the book, the key issues, the focus of each chapter, and the conclusions. In the face of the seriousness of global climate change and China’s proposed “dual-carbon” response strategy, this book is the first to comprehensively and systematically describe the multi-level governance system that China has adopted in realizing its dual-carbon transition. This governance system encompasses the participation of the government, market, industry, and all sectors of society, and emphasizes coordination and cooperation among all levels of government, different sectors, and between domestic and international levels. We find that the government can play an important leading role in the dual-carbon transition. Secondly, making full use of market mechanisms also plays a key role. In addition, industry and agriculture contribute to dual-carbon development by promoting the efficient use of resources and the adoption of green production methods. Finally, raising public awareness and participation in environmental protection is also indispensable to effectively promote the dual-carbon transition process, through publicity and education, social organizations and public participation. Further, we conclude by suggesting some directions for future focus on China’s Dual-Carbon governance and transformation, such as global leadership and cooperation, construction and innovation of policy system, development and challenge of carbon trading market, regional governance and industry transformation, residents’ participation and social consciousness.