Quality assurance (QA) in radiotherapy is vital for ensuring the accuracy of dose delivery, directly impacting treatment efficacy and patient safety. The gamma index is a widely used metric for assessing the congruence between planned and delivered doses. This study introduces a novel MATLAB-based gamma index program, aiming to advance QA processes in radiotherapy by providing a more detailed analysis of dose distributions. A custom gamma index calculation program utilizing MATLAB's computational capabilities was developed and compared with the established MyQA software across three anatomical sites: ORL, lung, and prostate. The comparison focused on the program's ability to accurately assess dose distributions, utilizing data from ten specific points within each treatment volume. The novel MATLAB-based program demonstrated promising accuracy and versatility in analyzing complex dose distributions across the examined anatomical sites. While showing robust performance, especially in ORL scenarios, disparities in gamma index values indicated areas for improvement, particularly in addressing the unique challenges of lung and prostate radiotherapy. The findings highlight the potential of leveraging computational tools like MATLAB to enhance the precision of radiotherapy QA. The MATLAB-based gamma index program represents a significant step forward in optimizing radiotherapy treatments, with future research focusing on refining the program to address identified challenges, thereby improving its clinical applicability and setting new benchmarks in radiotherapy QA.