Okra, Abelmoschus esculentus, is a flowering annual that bears edible pods and grows in all parts of Nigeria. Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) is a multipurpose vegetable crop and a good source of many nutrients. In Nigeria, it is produced predominantly by peasant farmers, either as a sole crop or in mixture with other crops. Nigeria is ranked second to India, being the highest producer of okra. Although it is regarded as a minor vegetable crop by farmers in Nigeria, it is cultivated over a total area of about 1.5 million ha, and it is traditionally and majorly cultivated as a rainy season crop. Factors affecting okra production in Nigeria differ from one agro-geographical zone to another. Productivity of okra varieties is influenced by seasonal changes, soil fertility, availability of improved varieties, quality inherent in the variety and availability of funds, among others. Plant breeding works to improve the characteristics of the plants so that they become more desirable agronomically and economically have been carried out and many okra varieties have either been released or registered. For a crop to be registered and released as a new variety in Nigeria, it must have passed the test for Distinctiveness, Uniformity and Stability (DUS) as well as for Value for Cultivation and Use (VCU). This chapter’s aim is to discuss the area, productivity and improvement of okra as an important vegetable crop in Nigeria.