Wastewater treatment is a crucial process for protecting the environment and human health. However, the emergence of new and persistent inorganic pollutants in wastewater has posed a significant challenge to conventional treatment processes. Fluidized bed bioreactors (FBRs) are a promising technology for the removal of these pollutants, due to their ability to provide a large surface area for microbial attachment and biofilm formation. The removal of pollutants is achieved through a combination of mechanisms, including biosorption, bioaccumulation, and biodegradation. However, maintenance of optimal operating conditions (fluidization velocity, pH, temperature), microbial activity, and potential clogging issues need to be carefully addressed to ensure consistent and efficient pollutant removal. Additionally, the choice of microbial species and their adaptability to the specific pollutants in the wastewater are critical factors influencing the success of the bioreactor. The current review explores into the efficiency and applicability of fluidized bed bioreactors in addressing the challenge of eliminating inorganic contaminants, such as heavy metals and metalloids, from wastewater streams. The review highlights the potential of fluidized bed bioreactors as a promising and sustainable solution for the removal of emerging inorganic pollutants from wastewater. By addressing key challenges and optimizing operational parameters, this technology could play a pivotal role in mitigating water pollution concerns on a broader scale.