Oil spills in mangrove ecosystems pose significant threats to biodiversity and ecological integrity, driven primarily by anthropogenic activities such as crude oil extraction and transportation. The unique intertidal habitats of mangroves, crucial for coastal protection, carbon sequestration and habitat provision, are disrupted by the introduction of oil, leading to detrimental consequences. Oil compounds adhere to mangrove roots and sediments, impeding gas exchange and nutrient uptake by vegetation. Toxic components within crude oil, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), disrupt physiological processes and impair reproductive success of mangrove biota. Sublethal effects persist, compromising population resilience and ecosystem recovery, while oil contamination alters sediment properties, affecting crucial microbial communities. Loss of mangrove-associated fauna disrupts trophic dynamics, cascading throughout the food web and posing risks to human health through contaminated seafood consumption. Mitigating oil spill impacts requires interdisciplinary approaches, prioritizing immediate response efforts for containment and removal, alongside long-term monitoring to assess ecosystem resilience and guide adaptive management strategies. Collaborative research endeavors are crucial to advance understanding of oil spill impacts on mangrove ecosystems, informing evidence-based management practices and policy decisions for sustainable coastal stewardship. Addressing these challenges demands concerted efforts to minimize environmental damage, enhance ecosystem resilience, and promote global-scale sustainability.