Microplastics, small particles of plastic, fewer than 5 mm in diameter, have become a universal environmental concern because of their perseverance and impending adverse effects on ecosystems and human health. The creation of effective, scalable, and eco-friendly removal techniques for microplastics is necessary. The challenge of microplastic pollution has prompted the development of several remedial approaches. Using specialized tools like trawl nets, filtering systems, and vacuum pumps, mechanical approaches involve the collecting of microplastics from diverse environmental compartments, such as oceans, rivers, and soils. Contrarily, chemical treatments aim to convert microplastics into inert byproducts by oxidation, hydrolysis, or other chemical processes. Biological remediation techniques take advantage of the ability of bacteria, fungi, and algae to break down or ingest microplastics. Additionally, cutting-edge technologies like nanotechnology and research are being done on artificial intelligence to increase the efficiency of eliminating microplastics. However, each remediation method comes with its challenges and potential environmental consequences. Mechanical methods may inadvertently harm nontarget species, while chemical treatments could produce harmful byproducts or require substantial energy inputs. Biological remediation approaches hold promise but require further research to optimize their efficiency and minimize unintended ecological impacts.