The advent of emergent pollutants such as pesticides, pharmaceuticals, personal care and industrial chemical products has recently drawn attention of many due to their omni-present nature, stability and resistance to degradation and creates a health hazard for humans and ecosystem. Cyanobacteria and microalgae, due to their ubiquitous nature, being eco-friendly and equipped with bioremediation mechanisms, can be employed in a cost-effective manner in the removal of emergent pollutants from the various sources of wastewater apart from the conventional techniques.