This research explores the utilization of Arithmetic Optimization Algorithms (AOA) in addressing the Economic Load Dispatch (ELD) problem within power systems featuring 40 and 110 thermal generating units. The core objective is to assess the efficiency of AOA in optimizing power generation while satisfying load demand. Through systematic analysis, this study demonstrates that AOA, when properly configured and refined, presents promising solutions for the ELD problem. Comparative evaluations reveal that AOA-based methods can compete favorably with recently developed algorithms, often producing superior outcomes. These findings emphasize AOA's potential as a robust tool for optimizing power generation in complex and large-scale systems. The implications extend to power system optimization at large, underlining AOA's role in striking a balance between economic efficiency and operational reliability. As modern power grids continue to incorporate renewable energy sources and advanced technologies, AOA algorithms are poised to play a pivotal role in achieving sustainable and cost-effective energy generation. While this study offers valuable insights and promising results, it also identifies avenues for future research, including real-time optimization and integration with renewable energy sources. Thus, this research contributes to advancing knowledge in power system optimization and underscores AOA's potential as a valuable tool for addressing the intricate challenges posed by the ELD problem. Ultimately, these findings hold significance for the ongoing pursuit of efficient, reliable, and sustainable energy generation and distribution systems.