Usually, after an earthquake of large magnitude (mainshock), a series of earthquakes known as aftershocks take place on a fault. Aftershocks happen nearby the fault zone where the main shock ruptures as part of the fault’s “readjustment process” after the main slip. Many times, these aftershocks cause additional damage to structures that were already affected by the main shock. Recently, in the Turkey earthquake of 2023, many aftershocks with high magnitude struck the country after a main-shock of magnitude 7.8, causing a huge number of structural collapses and loss of life. Earlier in the 2015 Nepal earthquake, similar things happened. So, the effect of aftershocks on structures is an essential subject for research. Therefore, many researchers studied the mainshock-aftershock (MS-AS) seismic sequences and developed some empirical equations for simulating the aftershock in relation to the main- shock and generating the artificial ground motion data. Based on this recorded and generated ground motion data, the structural response is studied and remedial guidelines are proposed. In this paper, a review is done on both topics. The recent studies on the performance assessment of steel frames, concrete frames and masonry structures under MS-AS are drafted in this paper. Finally, based on the study, the need for an MS-AS study is assessed.