G6PD, an enzyme that is crucial for the regulation of glucose breakdown, facilitates the transfer of glucose produced during glycolysis to the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). Its primary role is to generate ribose and NADPH by means of the pentose phosphate pathway, both of which are crucial for creating various biological components, like nucleic acids and fatty acids. NADPH is a cofactor of glutathione reductase and plays an extremely important role in maintaining antioxidant (RNS and ROS from NOX and NOS) defense. NADPH plays a crucial role in preserving the body’s ability to fight harmful molecules. Sufficient G6PD is necessary for normal cell growth and survival. G6PD deficiency is the most common X-linked enzyme disorder globally from a clinical perspective. People who have G6PD deficiency are prone to blood cell disorders such as jaundice and anemia caused by drugs or infections. G6PD deficiency leads to a wide range of pathophysiological conditions, including infection, inflammation, diabetes, hypertension, growth retardation, aging, cell death, and embryonic defects. Abnormal activation of G6PD is associated with the rapid growth of cancer cells, tumorigenesis, and tumor development and progression.