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The chapter provides a comprehensive review of the versatile toxic compounds produced by soil algae. Toxin production was proved chemically or genetically for at least 67 species and 3 varieties from 41 genera of soil algae (34 cyanoprokaryotes and 7 diatoms), from which more than 216 strains have been investigated. Four more genera are supposed to be toxigenic according to their phylogenetic relations or due to the existence of toxic aquatic counterparts. Soil algae have yielded a plethora of toxic compounds with remarkable structural diversity: altogether 430 toxins (including variants and the odoriferous nontoxic geosmin) from 11 main classes and 77 subclasses were isolated with antimicrobial or cytotoxic activity, 320 of which from 9 classes and 56 subclasses were novel. They were discovered in 18 cyanoprokaryote genera, and the most prolific producers were heterocytous Nostoc, Fischerella, Scytonema, and Hapalosiphon, in particular. Along with ecotoxicological concerns and potentially hazardous effects on human and ecosystem health, some of these toxins are of potentially significant importance for application in pharmacology, medicine, cosmetics, and biotechnology.

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Toxic Compounds of Free-Living and Symbiotic Soil Algae

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Maya P. Stoyneva-Gärtner,
  • Georg Gärtner,
  • Blagoy Uzunov

摘要

The chapter provides a comprehensive review of the versatile toxic compounds produced by soil algae. Toxin production was proved chemically or genetically for at least 67 species and 3 varieties from 41 genera of soil algae (34 cyanoprokaryotes and 7 diatoms), from which more than 216 strains have been investigated. Four more genera are supposed to be toxigenic according to their phylogenetic relations or due to the existence of toxic aquatic counterparts. Soil algae have yielded a plethora of toxic compounds with remarkable structural diversity: altogether 430 toxins (including variants and the odoriferous nontoxic geosmin) from 11 main classes and 77 subclasses were isolated with antimicrobial or cytotoxic activity, 320 of which from 9 classes and 56 subclasses were novel. They were discovered in 18 cyanoprokaryote genera, and the most prolific producers were heterocytous Nostoc, Fischerella, Scytonema, and Hapalosiphon, in particular. Along with ecotoxicological concerns and potentially hazardous effects on human and ecosystem health, some of these toxins are of potentially significant importance for application in pharmacology, medicine, cosmetics, and biotechnology.