The traditional methods, such as ground surveys, for identifying groundwater recharge potential in an area are often expensive and time-consuming. These limitations can be addressed using Geographic Information System (GIS) and remote sensing-based techniques, which are faster and more cost-effective. The current study aims to identify and map groundwater recharge potential zones in the Almora district, located in the Kumaun Himalaya of Uttarakhand, using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) integrated with Geographic Information System (GIS). Eight thematic layers, including geology, geomorphology, land use/land cover, drainage density, lineament density, rainfall, slope, and soil texture, were generated and analyzed to demarcate groundwater potential zones. The AHP pairwise comparison matrix was employed to assess and quantify the significance of these layers in determining recharge zones. Each thematic layer and its subclasses were assigned ranks and weights based on their influence on groundwater storage and flow. The resulting potential recharge map, created using weighted overlay analysis in GIS, categorizes the study area into five zones: very good (0.15%), good (1.96%), moderate (44.39%), poor (48.71%), and very poor (4.77%). The findings indicate that a significant portion of the study area (48.71%) falls under the poor recharge potential category. This study provides critical insights into the groundwater recharge potential of the district, where the population heavily relies on springs for drinking and other purposes. It also aids in identifying suitable sites for recharge interventions to enhance spring discharge and improve Springshed management.

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Groundwater Recharge Zones in Almora, Kumaun Himalaya: Geospatial and Analytic Hierarchy Process Approach

  • Divyanshu Pathak,
  • Pranjal Saxena,
  • Santosh Joshi

摘要

The traditional methods, such as ground surveys, for identifying groundwater recharge potential in an area are often expensive and time-consuming. These limitations can be addressed using Geographic Information System (GIS) and remote sensing-based techniques, which are faster and more cost-effective. The current study aims to identify and map groundwater recharge potential zones in the Almora district, located in the Kumaun Himalaya of Uttarakhand, using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) integrated with Geographic Information System (GIS). Eight thematic layers, including geology, geomorphology, land use/land cover, drainage density, lineament density, rainfall, slope, and soil texture, were generated and analyzed to demarcate groundwater potential zones. The AHP pairwise comparison matrix was employed to assess and quantify the significance of these layers in determining recharge zones. Each thematic layer and its subclasses were assigned ranks and weights based on their influence on groundwater storage and flow. The resulting potential recharge map, created using weighted overlay analysis in GIS, categorizes the study area into five zones: very good (0.15%), good (1.96%), moderate (44.39%), poor (48.71%), and very poor (4.77%). The findings indicate that a significant portion of the study area (48.71%) falls under the poor recharge potential category. This study provides critical insights into the groundwater recharge potential of the district, where the population heavily relies on springs for drinking and other purposes. It also aids in identifying suitable sites for recharge interventions to enhance spring discharge and improve Springshed management.