In this chapter, our primary emphasis revolves around the novel technology of eDNA metabarcoding, illustrating how its outcomes contribute to the preservation of environmental sustainability. We delve into a discussion on diverse conventional and contemporary biomonitoring techniques for data acquisition, offering insights into the present environmental scenario. eDNA metabarcoding proves versatile across various ecosystems, supplying pertinent information crucial for devising preventive measures and policies aimed at safeguarding or managing these environments. The chapter comprehensively covers eDNA metabarcoding, encompassing its applications, historical achievements, and future outlook in the realm of environmental studies.