Climate change represents a profoundly urgent and complex issue that demands immediate attention and concerted global efforts. Its significance lies in the fact that it poses a multifaceted threat with far-reaching consequences across various dimensions of our world. This book chapter explores the pivotal role that advanced computational techniques and artificial intelligence (AI) play in comprehending and mitigating the complexities of climate change. This chapter explores how computational science and AI have revolutionized our ability to analyze vast datasets, model climate systems, and predict future trends with unprecedented accuracy. Beginning with an overview of the current state of climate science, the chapter highlights the limitations of traditional methods and the transformative impact of AI and computational science. It discusses the application of machine learning algorithms in climate modeling, data assimilation, and remote sensing, showcasing their potential to improve climate predictions, disaster management, and adaptation strategies. Furthermore, the chapter addresses ethical considerations and challenges associated with AI in climate research. In conclusion, this chapter underscores the immense potential of computational science and AI in advancing our understanding of climate change, enhancing policy decisions, and driving sustainable solutions to mitigate its effects.