Amphibians, comprising frogs, toads, salamanders, and caecilians, are a diverse group of organisms with a history spanning millions of years. This chapter explores the remarkable diversity of amphibians, their crucial ecological roles, and their applications in scientific research. Amphibians have served as indicators of environmental health, subjects of ecological studies, and invaluable contributors to biomedical research and drug discovery. However, they face various conservation challenges, necessitating efforts to protect their habitats and mitigate threats.