An important issue for the developing countries of the world is to establish food security for its burgeoning masses. These two components, man and food, of this major issue are intricately linked to each other in a complexity of relationships that in fact are responsible for the drastically changed environmental scenario around us. Thus, to increase food production the area under agriculture has to increase and to accommodate the increasing population the land use pattern has to shift towards land clearing and buildings. To strike a sustainable balance between these two major demands on land use, it is clear that there is little scope to increase the already existing area under cultivation so the only solution lies in increasing the productivity levels of cultivable area. This requires utilization of certain important agricultural inputs such as irrigation, fertilizer, pesticides, quality seeds, pollinators, and adoption of modern technologies. Apiculture which is the science and skill of keeping honey bees in order to harvest useful products (honey, pollen, propolis, bees wax, bee venom, royal jelly) and to avail the free ecosystem service of pollination is a very important bio-input which can contribute greatly in this direction.