Nowadays, the preservation of natural resources and their use in optimal ways has attracted both academic study and industrial implementation. The design of supply chain networks plays a pivotal role in effective supply chain management. Optimal decisions in this area ensure the flexibility and responsiveness of the entire system. Also, the role of supply chains in waste management is crucial as it enables the efficient movement and handling of materials, ensuring proper disposal or recycling. An effective supply chain helps the collection, processing, and distribution of waste, optimizing resource use and minimizing environmental impact. This study developed a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model to manage agricultural waste in the palm date industry, serving as a case study for producing medium-density fiberboards (MDF). It employs a robust optimization approach to enhance the network's adaptability in accommodating uncertainties related to customer demands. Computational analysis is also provided to present the significance of the model. Also, managerial insights are extracted from the final results, and sensitivity analyses are presented to handle agricultural wastes adequately.