The use of personalized medicine at the nanoscale holds great promise, particularly concerning cancer prevention. This approach seeks to identify and enhance specific signal transmission and biochemical processes linked to an individual's disease predisposition, offer direct and accurate intervention tools tailored to the diagnosis, and predict who will benefit from the prevention strategies. In the field of nanotechnology, different materials and methodologies have been harnessed to produce nanoparticles with tunable size, shape, and surface properties, as well as distinctive physicochemical and/or biological properties to improve their performance as delivery agents. However, the development of personalized nanomedicine formulations for disease prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment is still in its infancy, despite the considerable potential of this approach.