Assessing Water Footprint Components of Educational Institutes—A State of Art Review
摘要
Organizations involved in imparting education along with research play a pivotal role in contributing towards sustainable development. Hence, the institutes estimate its environmental footprint in terms of water footprint, carbon footprint and energy footprint. However, this chapter aims to study the evaluation of water footprint (WF) and its components in educational campuses. The chapter also focuses on the classification of WF components and the method for its estimation as per ISO 14046:2014 and Water Footprint Network (WFN). The review of WF estimation was based on various factors, such as the assessment year, population, direct and indirect components. The study considered articles published till August 2021. Of all the papers explored, 8 studies assessed the direct and indirect components of water footprint, and a single study was found to review the components in terms of green, blue and grey water footprints. The clear contrast amongst the data collection elements (electricity consumption, paper usage, air conditioning refrigerant) have been noticed mainly for the indirect WF components. This difference can be attributed specifically to the lack of standardization in terms of time period (e.g. academic sessions), functional unit (e.g. area, student strength, etc.) and data collection elements, especially for indirect components of WF assessment. The assessment of WF demands arobust action in terms of development of single tool/methodology aimed at estimating the WF components in educational organizations.