Although fly ash (FA) has been utilized as an alternative of cement in construction work, the usage of FA is still limited worldwide and is typically restricted to replacement rates of 30 percent or less. Significant study has been done recently on HVFA-based concrete, which allows the use of FA above 50% and to lower CO2 emissions by lowering the need for Portland cement (PC) in concrete production. The fresh and microstructural properties of HVFA concrete with different FA replacement levels are summarized in this review. HVFA concrete’s mechanical properties at the initial stage are lesser than the required but provide better results at the later age. However, HVFA concrete provides better resistance against sulfate attack, drying shrinkage and chloride penetration and also improves workability. Overall, this study will help researchers to recognize the current research status of HVFA concrete and the knowledge gaps that must be filled in order to develop HVFA concrete that has greater replacement levels and achieve the desired performance. As a result, summarizing knowledge would be extremely helpful for planning future research to a sustainable cement-less concrete using industrial waste like coal bottom.