To enhance performance, reduce costs, and extend the lifespan, new-generation aircraft extensively utilize lightweight and high-strength composite materials. The application of composite materials in aircraft structures and the resultant weight reduction have become significant indicators of an aircraft’s advanced nature. It is a core technology that leading nations are striving to develop competitively. The adoption of digital and automated production processes and equipment is essential for their widespread application. The Boeing 787 airliner, for instance, has made substantial use of composite materials in its main structure, offering a 30% reduction in maintenance costs compared to other models and significantly improving flight comfort. The introduction of the Boeing 787 has led to a fundamental transformation in the assembly technology of aircraft with composite structures. The development trend of modern aircraft indicates a gradual increase in the application scope and proportion of composite materials in the body structure, prompting major aircraft manufacturers to explore new methods of aircraft production. The key technology of digital assembly of composite materials has also become a bottleneck that must be overcome in the development of domestic aircraft manufacturing and a direction for research.