The smoke detection test in the cargo compartment of transport aircraft is usually carried out by using a smoke generator to generate simulated smoke instead of real fire sources. The selection of smoke generation conditions is the key to the success or failure of the test. This article first used a certain type of transport aircraft cargo compartment as a model to conduct simulation research on smoke diffusion characteristics under different smoke particle sizes and initial nozzle velocities. It analyzed the distribution of typical cross-sectional temperature, velocity, and smoke concentration under different smoke generation conditions; Then, a simulated test cargo compartment was constructed to conduct experimental research on the effects of parameters such as smoke agent mixing ratio and smoke flow rate on simulated smoke diffusion. The research results and data can provide data support for the design of smoke detection test methods for transportation cargo compartments.